Ribosome: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 23:09, 8 May 2022

Ribosome (plural ribosomes) is a component of cells whose primary function is to carry out translation, i.e., the creation of protein from mRNA (the second step in the central dogma of molecular biology).

Summary

Item	Value
Type of organisms whose cells contain ribosomes	All organisms. Ribosomes are crucial to the central dogma of molecular biology which is common to all forms of life. However, there are some qualitative and size differences between prokaryotic ribosomes and eukaryotic ribosomes.
Type of cells within the organism that contain ribosomes	All cells except red blood cells in mammals
Number of ribosomes per cell	On the order of millions; for instance, mammalian cells are estimated to have about 10 million ribosomes.
Size	About 20 nm ( $1nm=10^{-3}\mu m=10^{-9}m$ ) for prokaryotic ribosomes and 25 - 30 nm for eukaryotic ribosomes
Location within cell	some are attached to the outside of the rough endoplasmic reticulum or to the nuclear envelope. The proteins made by these are transferred into the endoplasmic reticulum, modified, and packaged for export to specific organelles or to other cells. others, called free ribosomes or cytoplasmic ribomoes, are found freely floating in the cytoplasm.

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-| Type of organisms whose cells contain ribosomes || all organisms. Ribosomes are crucial to the [[central dogma of molecular biology]] which is common to all forms of life. However, there are some qualitative and size differences between [[prokaryotic ribosome]]s and [[eukaryotic ribosome]]s.
+| Type of organisms whose cells contain ribosomes || All organisms. Ribosomes are crucial to the [[central dogma of molecular biology]] which is common to all forms of life. However, there are some qualitative and size differences between [[prokaryotic ribosome]]s and [[eukaryotic ribosome]]s.
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-| Type of cells within the organism that contain ribosomes. || All cells
+| Type of cells within the organism that contain ribosomes || All cells except [[red blood cell]]s in [[mammal]]s
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-| Number of ribosomes per cell || ?
+| Number of ribosomes per cell || On the order of millions; for instance, mammalian cells are estimated to have about 10 million ribosomes.
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-| Size || About 20 nm (<math>1 nm = 10^{-3} \mu m = 10^{-9} m</math>) for [[prokaryotic ribosome]]s and 25 - 30 mn for [[eukaryotic ribosome]]s
+| Size || About 20 nm (<math>1 nm = 10^{-3} \mu m = 10^{-9} m</math>) for [[prokaryotic ribosome]]s and 25 - 30 nm for [[eukaryotic ribosome]]s
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 | Location within cell || some are attached to the outside of the [[rough endoplasmic reticulum]] or to the [[nuclear envelope]]. The proteins made by these are transferred into the endoplasmic reticulum, modified, and packaged for export to specific organelles or to other cells.<br>others, called ''free ribosomes'' or ''cytoplasmic ribomoes'', are found freely floating in the [[cytoplasm]].
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