Membrane transport protein: Difference between revisions

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A '''membrane transport protein''' is a special kind of [[transmembrane protein]] associated with a [[biological membrane]] that facilitates the movement of one or more of these across the membrane: ions, small molecules, or macromolecules (such as other [[protein]]s). Note that a specific membrane transport protein may facilitate the movement of only a few specific ions across the biological membrane.
A '''membrane transport protein''' is a special kind of [[transmembrane protein]] associated with a [[biological membrane]] that facilitates the movement of one or more of these across the membrane: ions, small molecules, or macromolecules (such as other [[protein]]s). Note that a specific membrane transport protein may facilitate the movement of only a few specific ions across the biological membrane.


==Relation with other terminology==
==Relation with other concepts==


===Broader terminology===
===Broader concepts===


* Membrane transport proteins associated with a biological membrane are [[transmembrane protein]]s for that biological membrane. Concretely, transmembrane proteins are proteins permanently attached to ''both'' layers of the [[lipid bilayer]] that the membrane is made up of. A membrane transport protein ''must'' be a transmembrane protein since it needs to be on both sides in order to facilitate movement from one side to another.
{| class="sortable" border="1"
* Transmembrane proteins are, in turn, instances of [[integral membrane protein]]s, i.e., proteins permanently attached to a biological membrane.
! Concept !! Meaning !! Relationship with the concept of membrane transport protein !! Intermediate notions
* Integral membrane proteins are, in turn, instances of [[membrane proteins]], i.e., proteins that interact with a biological membrane.
|-
| [[Narrower than::transmembrane protein]] || protein attached to both sides of the [[lipid bilayer]] of the biological membrane || membrane transport proteins must be transmembrane proteins in order to facilitate transport || {{intermediate notions short|membrane transport protein|transmembrane protein}}
|-
| [[Narrower than::integral membrane protein]] || protein attached permanently to a biological membrane || (via transmembrane protein) || {{intermediate notions short|membrane transport protein|integral membrane protein}}
|-
| [[Narrower than::membrane protein]] || protein that interacts with a biological membrane || (via integral membrane protein) || {{intermediate notions short|membrane transport protein|membrane protein}}
|}


===More specific terminology===
===Narrower concepts===


* [[Solute carrier]] refers to a particular kind of membrane transport protein that has a specific direction of transport for each ion or molecule that it transports (these directions may be opposite to each other for different things being transported, as seen for [[antiporter]]s). In general, the term "carrier" is used for facilitating movement in one specific direction.
{| class="sortable" border="1"
* [[Ion channel]] refers to a particular kind of membrane transport protein that facilitates the bidirectional movement of ions across the membrane. In general, the term "channel" is used for facilitating bidirectional movement.
! Concept !! Meaning !! Relationship with the concept of membrane transport protein !! Intermediate notions
|-
| [[Broader than::solute carrier]] || protein that facilitates transport of each solute it transports in only one direction (inside to outside or outside to inside) || carriers are a particular kind of membrane transport protein || {{intermediate notions short|solute carrier|membrane transport protein}}
|-
| [[Broader than::ion channel]] || protein that [[facilitated diffusion|facilitates diffusion]] of ions bidirectionally across the biological membrane || ion channels are a particular kind of membrane transport protein || {{intermediate notions short|ion channel|membrane transport protein}}
|-
| [[Broader than::cotransporter]] || protein that facilitates coupled transport of two species of substrate (ion or molecule): one along its concentration gradient and one against its concentration gradient || cotransporter is a kind of membrane transport protein; another kind is [[uniporter]] || {{intermediate notions short|cotransporter|membrane transport protein}}
|-
| [[Broader than::symporter]] || cotransporter that transports both species of substrate (ion or molecule) in the same direction (e.g., both from inside to outside, or both from outside to inside) || (via cotransporter) || {{intermediate notions short|symporter|membrane transport protein}}
|-
| [[Broader than::antiporter]] || cotransporter that transports both species of substrate (ion or molecule) in opposite directions, one from inside to outside and the other from outside to inside || (via cotransporter) || {{intermediate notions short|antiporter|membrane transport protein}}
|-
| [[Broader than::uniporter]] || membrane transport protein that just transports one species of substrate (ion or molecule) || uniporter is a kind of membrane transport protein; another kind is [[cotransporter]] || {{intermediate notions short|uniporter|membrane transport protein}}
|}

Latest revision as of 03:53, 23 November 2022

Definition

A membrane transport protein is a special kind of transmembrane protein associated with a biological membrane that facilitates the movement of one or more of these across the membrane: ions, small molecules, or macromolecules (such as other proteins). Note that a specific membrane transport protein may facilitate the movement of only a few specific ions across the biological membrane.

Relation with other concepts

Broader concepts

Concept Meaning Relationship with the concept of membrane transport protein Intermediate notions
transmembrane protein protein attached to both sides of the lipid bilayer of the biological membrane membrane transport proteins must be transmembrane proteins in order to facilitate transport |FULL LIST, MORE INFO
integral membrane protein protein attached permanently to a biological membrane (via transmembrane protein) Transmembrane protein|FULL LIST, MORE INFO
membrane protein protein that interacts with a biological membrane (via integral membrane protein) Integral membrane protein, Transmembrane protein|FULL LIST, MORE INFO

Narrower concepts

Concept Meaning Relationship with the concept of membrane transport protein Intermediate notions
solute carrier protein that facilitates transport of each solute it transports in only one direction (inside to outside or outside to inside) carriers are a particular kind of membrane transport protein |FULL LIST, MORE INFO
ion channel protein that facilitates diffusion of ions bidirectionally across the biological membrane ion channels are a particular kind of membrane transport protein |FULL LIST, MORE INFO
cotransporter protein that facilitates coupled transport of two species of substrate (ion or molecule): one along its concentration gradient and one against its concentration gradient cotransporter is a kind of membrane transport protein; another kind is uniporter |FULL LIST, MORE INFO
symporter cotransporter that transports both species of substrate (ion or molecule) in the same direction (e.g., both from inside to outside, or both from outside to inside) (via cotransporter) Cotransporter|FULL LIST, MORE INFO
antiporter cotransporter that transports both species of substrate (ion or molecule) in opposite directions, one from inside to outside and the other from outside to inside (via cotransporter) Cotransporter|FULL LIST, MORE INFO
uniporter membrane transport protein that just transports one species of substrate (ion or molecule) uniporter is a kind of membrane transport protein; another kind is cotransporter |FULL LIST, MORE INFO
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